Inqwaba yeshidi lensimbiiyisakhiwo sensimbi esinamathuluzi okuxhumana emaphethelweni, futhi izinto zokuxhumanisa zingahlanganiswa ngokukhululekile ukuze zakhe inhlabathi egcina inhlabathi eqhubekayo noma eqinile noma udonga olubamba amanzi.
Izinqwaba zamashidi ensimbi ziqhutshwa (zicindezelwe) esisekelweni ngomshayeli wenqwaba futhi zixhunywe komunye nomunye ukuze zenze udonga lwenqwaba yensimbi ukuze kugcinwe inhlabathi namanzi. Izinhlobo ezivame ukusetshenziswa eziphambanweni zifaka: Okumise okwe-U, okumise okwe-Z kanye nohlobo lwewebhu oluqondile.
Izinqwaba zamashidi ensimbi zifanele ukusekela izisekelo ezithambile kanye nemigodi yesisekelo ejulile enamazinga aphezulu amanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Kulula ukuzakha futhi zinenzuzo yokusebenza kahle kokumisa amanzi futhi zingasetshenziswa kabusha. Isimo sokulethwa kwezinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi. Ubude bokulethwa kweizinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi ezakhiwe ezibandayo6m, 9m, 12m, kanye 15m. Angase futhi acutshungulwe ukuze asike-kuya-ubude ngokuya ngezidingo zomsebenzisi, ngobude obungu-24m.
Umshayeli wenqwaba, owaziwa ngokuthi "i-manipulator", ungumshini wokushayela izinqwaba zamashidi ensimbi. Lapho ushayela futhi ukhipha izinqwaba, isivinini kanye nemvamisa yokudlidliza kungalungiswa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezindawo zokusebenza ezihlukene.
Inqubo yokwakha
(1) Amalungiselelo okwakha: Ngaphambi kokushayela inqwaba, umsele osemaphethelweni enqwaba kufanele uvalwe ukuze inhlabathi ingangeni, futhi isingidi kufanele sigcotshwe ngebhotela noma amanye amafutha. Izinqwaba zamashidi ensimbi ezingalungiswanga kahle, ezinokhiye abakhubazekile, futhi ezigqwalile kakhulu kufanele zilungiswe futhi zilungiswe. Izinqwaba ezigobile nezikhubazekile zingalungiswa ngomfutho we-hydraulic jack noma ukubhaka umlilo.
(2) Ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba zokugeleza kwenqwaba.
(3) Phakathi nenqubo yokunqwabelanisa. Ukuqinisekisa ukuma kwezinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi. Sebenzisa ama-theodolite amabili ukuze ulawule ngezindlela ezimbili.
(4) Indawo kanye nendlela yezinqwaba zamashidi ensimbi yokuqala neyesibili eziqalwa ukushayelwa kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zinembile ukuze zisebenze njengesibonelo somhlahlandlela. Ngakho-ke, kufanele zikalwe njalo nge-1m ngokushayelwa. Ngemva kokushayela ekujuleni okunqunywe kusengaphambili, sebenzisa ngokushesha izinsimbi zensimbi noma amapuleti ensimbi ukuze uzungeze izinqwaba. Ubakaki ushiselwe ukuze ulungiswe okwesikhashana.
Umthelela:
1. Phatha futhi uxazulule uchungechunge lwezinkinga eziphakama ngesikhathi sokumba;
2. Ukwakhiwa kulula futhi isikhathi sokwakha sifinyeziwe.
3. Imisebenzi yokwakha, inganciphisa izidingo zesikhala;
4. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinqwaba zamashidi ensimbi kunganikeza ukuphepha okudingekayo futhi kusenesikhathi kakhulu (emisebenzini yokusiza inhlekelele kanye nokuhlenga);
5. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi akuvinjelwe izimo zezulu;
6. Enqubweni yokusebenzisa izinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi, izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhlola ukusebenza kwezinto noma izinhlelo zingenziwa lula;
7. Qinisekisa ukuthi ivumelana nezimo, ukushintshashintsha okuhle nokusetshenziswa kabusha.
8. Ingagaywa kabusha futhi isetshenziswe kabusha, konga imali.
Yakhoizinzuzoyilezi: amandla aphezulu, kulula ukushayela emhlabathini oqinile; ingakhiwa emanzini ajulile, futhi uma kunesidingo, izisekelo ze-diagonal zingafakwa ukuze zenze ikheji. Inokusebenza okuhle okungangeni manzi; ingakha ama-cofferdams anomumo ohlukahlukene njengoba kudingeka futhi ingasetshenziswa kabusha izikhathi eziningi. Ngakho-ke, inohlu olubanzi lokusebenzisa.
1. Inamandla okuthwala aqinile kanye nesakhiwo sokukhanya. Udonga oluqhubekayo olwakhiwe ngezinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi lunamandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina.
2. Inokuqina kwamanzi okuhle futhi izingidi ezihlangene zezinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi zihlanganiswe ngokuqinile ukuze ngokwemvelo zivimbele ukugeleza.
3. Ukwakhiwa kulula, kungakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezihlukahlukene ze-geological kanye nekhwalithi yenhlabathi, kunganciphisa inani le-groundwork embiwe emgodini wesisekelo, futhi ukusebenza kuthatha indawo encane. 4. Ukuqina okuhle. Ngokuya ngendawo yokusetshenziswa, impilo yesevisi ingaba yiminyaka engama-50.
5. Ukwakhiwa kuhambisana nemvelo, inani lenhlabathi ethathwe kanye nenani lekhonkrithi liyancipha kakhulu, elingavikela ngokuphumelelayo imithombo yomhlaba.
6. Umsebenzi usebenza kahle futhi ufanele kakhulu ukuqaliswa ngokushesha kokusiza ezinhlekeleleni nasekuvimbeleni njengokulawula izikhukhula, ukuwa, isihlabathi esimanzi, nokuzamazama komhlaba. 7. Impahla ingaphinda isetshenziswe futhi isetshenziswe ngokuphindaphindiwe. Kumaphrojekthi wesikhashana, ingasetshenziswa kabusha izikhathi ezingama-20 kuye kwezingama-30.
8. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izakhiwo ezingabodwa, udonga lulula futhi lukwazi ukuguquguquka okukhulu, okwenza lufanelekele ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kwezinhlekelele ezihlukahlukene ze-geological.
Xhumana nathi ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-22-2024