Inqwaba yeshidi lensimbiiyisakhiwo sensimbi esinamadivayisi okuxhumanisa emaphethelweni, futhi amadivayisi okuxhumanisa angahlanganiswa ngokukhululekile ukuze akhe udonga oluhlala njalo noluqinile lokugcina inhlabathi noma amanzi.
Izinqwaba zensimbi ziyashayelwa (zicindezelwe) esisekelweni nge-pill driver bese zixhunywana ukuze kwakhiwe udonga lwenqwaba yensimbi ukuze kugcinwe inhlabathi namanzi. Izinhlobo zezingxenye ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zifaka: Uhlobo lwewebhu oluyi-U, oluyi-Z kanye noluqondile.
Izinqwaba zensimbi zifanelekela ukusekela izisekelo ezithambile kanye nemigodi yesisekelo ejulile enamazinga aphezulu amanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Kulula ukuzakha futhi zinenzuzo yokusebenza kahle kokuvimba amanzi futhi zingasetshenziswa kabusha. Isimo sokulethwa kwezinqwaba zensimbi. Ubude bokulethwaizinqwaba zensimbi ezakhiwe ngendlela ebandayozingamamitha angu-6, 9, 12, kanye no-15. Zingacutshungulwa futhi zibe ubude obunqunyiwe ngokwezidingo zomsebenzisi, ubude obuphezulu bube ngamamitha angu-24.
Umshayeli wenqwaba, owaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "i-manipulator", uwumshini wokushayela izinqwaba zensimbi. Lapho ushayela futhi ukhipha izinqwaba, isivinini kanye nemvamisa yokudlidliza kungalungiswa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezindawo zokusebenza ezahlukene.
Inqubo Yokwakha
(1) Amalungiselelo okwakha: Ngaphambi kokushayela inqwaba, umsele osesicongweni senqwaba kufanele uvalwe ukuze kuvinjelwe inhlabathi ukuthi ingangeni, futhi ingidi kufanele igcotshwe ngebhotela noma amanye amafutha. Izinqwaba zensimbi ezingasebenzi kahle, ezinezingidi ezikhubazekile, futhi ezigqwalile kakhulu kufanele zilungiswe futhi zilungiswe. Izinqwaba ezigobile nezikhubazekile zingalungiswa ngokucindezela kwe-hydraulic jack noma ngokubhaka ngomlilo.
(2) Ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye zokugeleza kwenqwaba.
(3) Ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka inqwaba. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqwaba zensimbi ziqondile. Sebenzisa i-theodolite ezimbili ukulawula ngezindlela ezimbili.
(4) Indawo kanye nesiqondiso sezinqwaba zensimbi zokuqala nezesibili eziqala ukuqhutshwa kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zinembile ukuze zisebenze njengemodeli yokuqondisa. Ngakho-ke, kufanele zilinganiswe njalo ngemitha eli-1 eliqhutshwayo. Ngemva kokushayela ekujuleni okunqunyiwe, sebenzisa ngokushesha imigoqo yensimbi noma amapuleti ensimbi ukuze uzungeze izinqwaba. Ibhulakhethi lishiselwe ukuze lifakwe okwesikhashana.
Umphumela:
1. Ukusingatha nokuxazulula uchungechunge lwezinkinga ezivelayo ngesikhathi senqubo yokumba;
2. Ukwakhiwa kulula futhi isikhathi sokwakhiwa sifushane.
3. Ngemisebenzi yokwakha, kunganciphisa izidingo zesikhala;
4. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinqwaba zensimbi kunganikeza ukuphepha okudingekayo futhi kusesikhathini esifanele (emisebenzini yokusiza ezinhlekeleleni kanye nokutakula);
5. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinqwaba zensimbi akunqunyelwe yizimo zezulu;
6. Enkambisweni yokusebenzisa izinqwaba zeshidi lensimbi, izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhlola ukusebenza kwezinto noma izinhlelo zingenziwa lula;
7. Qinisekisa ukuthi iyaguquguquka, iyashintshashintsha kahle futhi isetshenziswe kabusha.
8. Ingaphinde isetshenziswe futhi isetshenziswe kabusha, kongiwe imali.
Kuyoizinzuzoyilezi: amandla aphezulu, kulula ukuyifaka enhlabathini eqinile; ingakhiwa emanzini ajulile, futhi uma kudingeka, izisekelo ezivundlile zingangezwa ukuze kwakhiwe ikheji. Isebenza kahle kakhulu ekungangeni manzi; ingakha ama-cofferdams anezimo ezahlukahlukene njengoba kudingeka futhi ingasetshenziswa kabusha izikhathi eziningi. Ngakho-ke, inokusetshenziswa okubanzi.
1. Inamandla okuthwala aqinile kanye nesakhiwo esilula. Udonga oluqhubekayo olwakhiwe ngamaqoqo ensimbi lunamandla aphezulu futhi luqinile.
2. Inokuqina okuhle kwamanzi futhi izingidi ezisemajoyintini ezinqwaba zensimbi zihlanganiswe ngokuqinile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvuza kwamanzi ngokwemvelo.
3. Ukwakhiwa kulula, kungavumelanisa nezimo ezahlukene ze-geological kanye nekhwalithi yomhlabathi, kunganciphisa inani lomsebenzi womhlaba ombiwe emgodini wesisekelo, futhi ukusebenza kuthatha isikhala esincane. 4. Ukuqina okuhle. Kuye ngendawo yokusetshenziswa, impilo yesevisi ingaba yiminyaka engama-50.
5. Ukwakhiwa kunobungani nemvelo, inani lenhlabathi ethathwe kanye nenani lekhonkrithi kuncishisiwe kakhulu, okungavikela ngempumelelo izinsiza zomhlaba.
6. Lo msebenzi usebenza kahle futhi ufaneleka kakhulu ekuqalisweni okusheshayo kokusiza nokuvimbela izinhlekelele njengokulawula izikhukhula, ukubhidlika, isihlabathi esimanzi, kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba. 7. Izinto zingaphinde zisetshenziswe futhi zisetshenziswe ngokuphindaphindiwe. Kumaphrojekthi esikhashana, zingasetshenziswa kabusha izikhathi ezingu-20 kuya kwezingu-30.
8. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izakhiwo ezilodwa, udonga lulula futhi luyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kakhulu nokuguquguquka, okwenza lufanelekele ukuvimbela nokwelapha izinhlekelele ezahlukene ze-geological.
Xhumana Nathi Ukuze Uthole Ulwazi Olwengeziwe
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-22-2024