Isakhiwo se-Strutiyisakhiwo esenziwe ngezinto zensimbi futhi ingenye yezinhlobo eziyinhloko zezakhiwo zokwakha. Lesi sakhiwo sakhiwe kakhulu ngemishayo yensimbi, amakholomu ensimbi, ama-trusses ensimbi nezinye izingxenye ezenziwe ngezingxenye zensimbi namapuleti ensimbi, futhi samukela izinqubo zokususa ukugqwala kanye nokuvimbela ukugqwala njengokufaka i-silanization, i-phosphating emsulwa ye-manganese, ukuwasha nokumisa ngamanzi, kanye ne-galvanizing. Ama-weld, ama-bolts noma ama-rivets ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izingxenye noma izingxenye. Ngenxa yesisindo saso esilula kanye nokwakhiwa okulula, sisetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezinkulu, ezindaweni, ezakhiweni eziphakeme kakhulu, emabhulohweni nakwamanye amasimu. Izakhiwo zensimbi zivame ukugqwala. Ngokuvamile, izakhiwo zensimbi kudingeka zingagqwali, zigaxwe noma zipendwe, futhi zigcinwe njalo.
Incazelo
Insimbi ibonakala ngamandla aphezulu, isisindo esilula, ukuqina okuhle okuphelele, kanye nokumelana okunamandla nokuguquguquka, ngakho-ke ifaneleka kakhulu ekwakheni izakhiwo ezinkulu, eziphakeme kakhulu, nezisindayo kakhulu; izinto ezibonakalayo zinokufana okuhle kanye ne-isotropy, futhi ziwumzimba othambile ofanele, ovumelana kangcono nezinkolelo eziyisisekelo zemishini yobunjiniyela ejwayelekile; izinto ezibonakalayo zinokuqina okuhle kanye nokuqina, zingaba nokuguquguquka okukhulu, futhi zingamelana kahle nemithwalo enamandla; isikhathi sokwakha sifushane; inezinga eliphezulu lokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni futhi ingakhiqizwa ngezinga eliphezulu lokusetshenziswa kwemishini.
Izakhiwo zensimbi kufanele zifunde insimbi enamandla amakhulu ukuze zithuthukise kakhulu amandla azo okukhiqiza; ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezintsha zensimbi kufanele zigoqwe, njengensimbi enomumo we-H (eyaziwa nangokuthi insimbi ye-flange ebanzi) kanye nensimbi enomumo we-T kanye namapuleti ensimbi ahlanganisiwe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezakhiwo ezinkulu kanye nezakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona uhlelo lwesakhiwo sensimbi olulula olungenamabhuloho okushisa. Isakhiwo ngokwaso asigcini amandla. Lobu buchwepheshe busebenzisa izixhumi ezikhethekile ezihlakaniphile ukuxazulula inkinga yamabhuloho abandayo nashisayo esakhiweni; isakhiwo esincane se-truss sivumela izintambo namapayipi amanzi ukuthi adlule odongeni, okuyinto elula ukwakhiwa nokuhlobisa.
Izici
1. Amandla aphezulu ezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nesisindo esilula
Insimbi inamandla aphezulu kanye ne-modulus enwebekayo ephezulu. Uma iqhathaniswa nokhonkolo kanye nokhuni, isilinganiso sayo sokuqina kokukhiqiza siphansi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zokucindezeleka, isakhiwo sensimbi sinesigaba esincane kanye nesisindo esincane, okulula ukusithutha nokuyifaka. Ifanele izakhiwo ezinezikhawu ezinkulu, ukuphakama okuphezulu kanye nemithwalo esindayo.
2. Insimbi inokuqina okuhle, i-plasticity, indwangu efanayo kanye nokuthembeka okuphezulu kwesakhiwo
Ifanelekela umthelela wokuthwala kanye nemithwalo enamandla, enokumelana okuhle kokuzamazama komhlaba. Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sensimbi sifana futhi siseduze nomzimba ofana nowe-isotropic. Ukusebenza kwangempela kwesakhiwo sensimbi kuhambisana kakhulu nombono wokubala. Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo sensimbi sinokwethenjelwa okuphezulu.
3. Izinga eliphezulu lokusetshenziswa kwemishini ekukhiqizeni nasekufakeni isakhiwo sensimbi
Izingxenye zesakhiwo sensimbi kulula ukuzikhiqiza emafektri futhi zihlanganiswe endaweni. Imikhiqizo eqediwe yezingxenye zesakhiwo sensimbi ezenziwe ngomshini ezenziwe emafektri inokunemba okuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu, isivinini sokuhlanganiswa okusheshayo endaweni kanye nesikhathi esifushane sokwakha. Isakhiwo sensimbi siyisakhiwo esinezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni.
4. Ukusebenza kahle kokuvala kwesakhiwo sensimbi
Njengoba isakhiwo esihlanganisiwe singavalwa ngokuphelele, singenziwa sibe yizitsha ezinomfutho ophezulu, amathangi amakhulu kawoyela, amapayipi omfutho, njll. anomoya omuhle kanye nokuqina kwamanzi.
5. Isakhiwo sensimbi simelana nokushisa kodwa asimelani nomlilo
Uma izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kuka-150℃, izakhiwo zensimbi azishintshi kangako. Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo sensimbi sifanelekela izindawo zokusebenzela ezishisayo, kodwa uma ubuso besakhiwo bubhekene nemisebe yokushisa engaba ngu-150℃, kufanele sivikelwe ngamabhodi okushisa. Uma izinga lokushisa lingu-300℃-400℃, amandla kanye ne-modulus enwebekayo yensimbi kuzokwehla kakhulu. Uma izinga lokushisa licishe libe ngu-600℃, amandla ensimbi avame ukuba zero. Ezakhiweni ezinezidingo ezikhethekile zokuvikela umlilo, izakhiwo zensimbi kumele zivikelwe ngezinto eziphikisayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokumelana nomlilo.
6. Ukumelana nokugqwala okubi kwesakhiwo sensimbi
Ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezimanzi nezigqwalisayo, kulula ukugqwala. Ngokuvamile, izakhiwo zensimbi zidinga ukuvikelwa ekugqwaleni, zifakwe i-galvanized noma zipendwe, futhi zigcinwe njalo. Ezindaweni ezingaphandle kwamanzi olwandle, kudingeka izinyathelo ezikhethekile ezifana "nokuvikelwa kwe-zinc block anode" ukuvimbela ukugqwala.
7. Ikhabhoni ephansi, esindisa amandla, eluhlaza futhi enobungani nemvelo, ingasetshenziswa kabusha
Ukubhidlizwa kwezakhiwo zensimbi ngeke kukhiqize imfucuza yokwakha, futhi insimbi ingaphinde isetshenziswe futhi.
Kusukela edomeni elihle lezindawo ezinkulu kuya endaweni ephakeme kakhulu yezakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu, isakhiwo sensimbi sesibe uphawu olubalulekile lwempucuko yesimanje yezakhiwo ngezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini kanye nezinzuzo zezimboni. Naphezu kwezinselele zemvelo zokumelana nomlilo kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, la maphutha ayanqotshwa ngamunye ngamunye ngokuthuthukiswa kwensimbi enamandla aphezulu, ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe bokulwa nokugqwala kanye nokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bokuvimbela umlilo. Ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwesiqondiso somgomo "wekhabhoni ephindwe kabili", isakhiwo sensimbi, esinekhabhoni ephansi, esinobungani nemvelo kanye nezici ezingasetshenziswa kabusha, sihambisana kakhulu nomqondo wokwakha okuluhlaza. Ubuchwepheshe bayo obusha njengohlelo olungenabhuloho lokushisa kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-modular nakho kubonisa isiqondiso esizayo sokwakha izimboni.
Lapho ukuthungwa okubandayo kwensimbi kuhlanganiswa kahle nobuciko bokwakha, futhi lapho ubuhle bemishini kanye nokusebenza kwayo kulinganiswa, isakhiwo sensimbi sesidlule isikhathi eside kakhulu kunento ngokwayo futhi sesibe amandla ayinhloko aqhuba ukuguqulwa kwesikhala sasemadolobheni. Kusukela ezitshalweni zezimboni kuya ezakhiweni eziphawulekayo, kusukela kumaphrojekthi amabhuloho kuya kumapulatifomu asogwini lolwandle, lo "mthambo wokuphefumula" uyaqhubeka nokubhala inganekwane yokuhlanganisa ukuqina nokuguquguquka emlandweni wezakhiwo kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo okungenamkhawulo. Uma sibheka esikhathini esizayo, ngokuphindaphinda okuqhubekayo kwesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwakha, izakhiwo zensimbi ngokuqinisekile zizosekela ukucabanga komuntu ngesikhala emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, okwenza isakhiwo ngasinye sibe uphawu lwezikhathi lapho ubuchwepheshe kanye nobuhle buhlala khona.
Xhumana Nathi Ukuze Uthole Ulwazi Olwengeziwe
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-16-2025