Izindaba - Umsuka kanye nentuthuko yesakhiwo sensimbi

Ukukhuphuka kanye nentuthuko yeizakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbikuyimpumelelo ebalulekile emlandweni wezakhiwo, okuphawula intuthuko yobuchwepheshe bokwakha kanye nokusheshisa kwesimanje. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, ngokuthuthuka kwenguquko yezimboni kanye nokuvuthwa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza insimbi, isakhiwo sensimbi saqala ukusetshenziswa kancane kancane ensimini yokwakha. Izibonelo zokuqala, njenge-Eiffel Tower eParis ngo-1889 kanye ne-Flat-top Tower eNew York ngo-1902, zabonisa amandla ensimbi ekwakheni futhi zashintsha kakhulu isimo nesakhiwo sezakhiwo.

Ekhulwini lama-20, ikakhulukazi ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, ukwakhiwa kwensimbi kwaletha intuthuko enkulu. Ngokusheshisa ukukhula kwamadolobha kanye nokusimama komnotho, isidingo sezakhiwo eziphakeme kanye nezakhiwo ezinde siyakhula. Ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo zokuthiamandla aphezulu, isisindo esincanekanye nesivinini sokwakha esisheshayo, isakhiwo sensimbi sesibe yinto ekhethwayo yezakhiwo ezinde, izinkundla zemidlalo kanye nezindawo ezinkulu zezentengiselwano. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kwakhiwa izakhiwo eziningi ezidumile, njengeSears Tower eChicago kanye neWorld Trade Center eNew York. Lezi zakhiwo azigcini nje ngokuphula imingcele yokuphakama kwesakhiwo sendabuko, kodwa futhi zichaza kabusha isibhakabhaka sedolobha.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubuchwepheshe bokuklama nokwakha izakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi buhlala busha. Ukuvela kobuchwepheshe obusha bensimbi nokuxhuma kwenze ukwakheka kwezakhiwo kwaba nezimo eziningi futhi kube nokuguquguquka, okukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zemisebenzi ehlukene kanye nobuhle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusebenza kwesakhiwo sensimbi ekumelaneni nokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nomlilo kuthuthukiswe kakhulu, kwahlangabezana nezidingo eziphezulu zezakhiwo zesimanje zokuphepha.

Ekhulwini lama-21, umqondo we-isakhiwo esiluhlazakuye kwanda kancane kancane, kukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwezakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi kanye nentuthuko eqhubekayo. Amaphrojekthi amaningi aqala ukusebenzisa insimbi ephinde yasetshenziswa futhi asebenzisa imiklamo enamandla aphansi ukunciphisa umthelela wayo emvelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezakhiwo obuhlakaniphile kuphinde kwaletha amathuba amasha ezakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nenduduzo yezakhiwo ngokuphathwa okuhlakaniphile.

Ngokuvamile, ukukhuphuka nokuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi akubonisi nje kuphelaintuthuko yobuchwepheshe bokwakha, kodwa futhi kukhombisa izinguquko zomnotho wezenhlalo. Kusukela ezakhiweni zabo zokuqala zokuhlola kuya ezakhiweni eziphakeme zanamuhla ezidumile, izakhiwo zensimbi sezibe yingxenye ebalulekile yamadolobha anamuhla. Esikhathini esizayo, ngentuthuko eqhubekayo yesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezidingo zokwakha, izakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi kulindeleke ukuthi ziqhubeke nokukhula futhi zihlangabezane nezinselele ezintsha namathuba.