Ukunyuka nokuthuthuka kweizakhiwo zensimbi zesakhiwoyimpumelelo ebalulekile emlandweni wezokwakha, ephawula inqubekelaphambili yobuchwepheshe bokwakha kanye nokusheshisa ukwenziwa kwesimanjemanje. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, ngokuthuthuka kwenguquko yezimboni kanye nokuvuthwa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza insimbi, isakhiwo sensimbi saqala ukusetshenziswa kancane kancane emkhakheni wokwakha. Izibonelo zakuqala, njenge-Eiffel Tower eParis ngo-1889 kanye noMbhoshongo oyisicaba eNew York ngo-1902, zabonisa amandla ensimbi ekwakhiweni futhi kwashintsha kakhulu isimo nesakhiwo sezakhiwo.
Ekhulwini lama-20, ikakhulukazi ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, ukwakhiwa kwensimbi kwaletha intuthuko enkulu. Ngokusheshisa ukukhula kwedolobha kanye nokusimama komnotho, isidingo sezakhiwo eziphakeme kanye nezakhiwo ezihlala isikhathi eside siyakhula. Ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo zeamandla aphezulu, isisindo esincanekanye nesivinini sokwakha esisheshayo, isakhiwo sensimbi sesiphenduke into ethandwayo yezakhiwo eziphakeme, izinkundla zezemidlalo kanye nezakhiwo ezinkulu zezohwebo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kwakhiwa izakhiwo eziningi eziwubukhazikhazi, njengeSears Tower eChicago neWorld Trade Center eNew York. Lezi zakhiwo azigcini nje ngokuphula imingcele yokuphakama kwesakhiwo sendabuko, kodwa futhi zichaza kabusha isibhakabhaka sedolobha.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubuchwepheshe bokuklama nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi bubuye buhlale bushintsha. Ukuvela kobuchwepheshe obusha bensimbi nokuxhumana kwenze ukuklanywa kwezakhiwo kube lula futhi kuguquguquke, kukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zemisebenzi ehlukene kanye nobuhle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusebenza kwesakhiwo sensimbi ekulweni nokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nokumelana nomlilo kuye kwathuthukiswa kakhulu, kuhlangabezana nezidingo eziphakeme zezakhiwo zesimanje zokuphepha.
Ngekhulu lama-21, umqondo weisakhiwo esiluhlazaiye yaphakama kancane kancane, ikhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwezakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi kanye nentuthuko eqhubekayo. Amaphrojekthi amaningi aqala ukusebenzisa insimbi egaywe kabusha futhi asebenzisa imiklamo engenamandla amancane ukunciphisa umthelela wemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokwakha obuhlakaniphile kuye kwaletha namathuba amasha ezakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokunethezeka kwezakhiwo ngokuphathwa okuhlakaniphile.
Ngokuvamile, ukukhuphuka nokuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi akubonisi nje kuphelainqubekelaphambili yobuchwepheshe bokwakha, kodwa futhi kukhombisa izinguquko emnothweni wezenhlalo. Kusukela ezakhiweni zabo zokuqala zokuhlola ukuya ezibhilidini ezidumile zanamuhla, izakhiwo zensimbi seziyingxenye ebalulekile yamadolobha esimanje. Ngokuzayo, ngenqubekelaphambili eqhubekayo yesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezidingo zokwakha, izakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi kulindeleke ukuthi ziqhubeke nokuguquguquka futhi zihlangabezane nezinselele ezintsha namathuba.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-17-2025