Isimo Samanje Sokuthuthukiswa Kwensimbi Emise Okungu-H
Emkhathini oguqukayo njalo wobunjiniyela bamabhuloho, uguquko olukhulu luyaqhubeka ngokusetshenziswa okusha kweAmaphrofayili we-H-beam. Onjiniyela namaqembu okwakha kuyo yonke imboni manje basebenzisa izakhiwo ezihlukile zeI-H-beamamaphrofayili, abhangqwe nomklamo othuthukile we-lightweight, ukuthuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo umthamo wamabhuloho wokuthwala umthwalo—okumaka inkathi entsha yokusebenza kahle, ukuphepha, nokusimama ekuthuthukisweni kwengqalasizinda.
Isingeniso kanye nezinzuzo zensimbi emise okwe-H
Amaphrofayili we-H-beam, aziwa ngendawo yawo ehlukile enomumo othi "H", kudala aqashelwa ngokusebenza kwawo komshini okuphakeme. Ngokungafaniamaphrofayili ensimbi yendabukonjengama-I-beams, ama-H-beams afaka ama-flange angaphezulu naphansi ahambisanayo axhunywe iwebhu ewugqinsi, okuholela ekusakazweni okulinganiselwe kwamandla. Le nzuzo yesakhiwo ivumela ama-H-imishayo ukuthi amelane nokugoba kanye ne-torsion ngokuphumelelayo, okuwenza abe yinketho ekahle yezingxenye ezithwala imithwalo kumaphrojekthi webhuloho. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlanganiswa kwezimiso zokuklama ezingasindi okuvule amandla azo aphelele eminyakeni yamuva.
"Emashumini eminyaka, onjiniyela bamabhuloho babhekana nokuhwebelana: ukukhulisa umthamo wokuthwala imithwalo, ngokuvamile kwakudingeka sikhulise isisindo nevolumu yensimbi esetshenzisiwe, okukhuphule izindleko zokwakha, izikhathi ezinwetshiwe zephrojekthi, futhi sengeze ingcindezi ezakhiweni zesisekelo," kuchaza uDkt. Elena Carter, unjiniyela omkhulu wesakhiwo e-Global Infrastructure Innovations (GII), inkampani ehamba phambili ekwakhiweni kwebhuloho nokwakhiwa. “Ngamaphrofayili e-H-beam kanye nomklamo ongasindi, sikubhidlizile lokho kuhwebelana. Ngokuthuthukisa ubukhulu obuphambanayo be-H-beams—ukunciphisa izinto ezingadingekile ezindaweni ezingabalulekile kuyilapho siqinisa izindawo ezinokucindezeleka okukhulu—sidale izakhiwo ezilula kodwa ezikwazi ukuthwala imithwalo esindayo.”
Yiziphi izinzuzo zomklamo ongasindi wensimbi emise okwe-H?
“Umklamo ongasindi wama-H-beam awugcinanga nje ngokuthuthukisa umthamo wokulayisha; uguqule yonke inqubo yokwakha,” kusho uMark Torres, umphathi wephrojekthi ye-West River Crossing Bridge. “Izingxenye ezilula zazisho ukuthi singasebenzisa ama-cranes amancane, sinciphise inani lohambo lokuthutha ukuze sithole izinto zokwakha, futhi sisheshise umhlangano esizeni. Lo msebenzi waqedwa emasontweni amathathu ngaphambi kwesikhathi esimisiwe, futhi songa izindleko zokwakha ezicishe zibe yizigidi ezingu-R1,5. Emiphakathini yendawo, lokhu kusho ukufinyelela ngaphambi kwesikhathi emzileni wezokuthutha ophephe, nothembeke kakhudlwana.”
Ngaphandle kwezindleko nezinzuzo ezisebenza kahle, ukusetshenziswa okusha kwamaphrofayili we-H-beam kubunjiniyela bamabhuloho nakho kunomthelela ezinhlosweni zokusimama. Ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi, amaphrojekthi afana ne-West River Crossing Bridge anciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni okuhlobene nokukhiqizwa kwensimbi— isici esibalulekile emizamweni yomhlaba wonke yokunciphisa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukwengeza, idizayini engasindi inciphisa umthelela wemvelo wezisekelo zebhuloho, njengoba kudingeka ukumbiwa okuncane nokhonkolo ukuze kusekelwe isakhiwo, kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka kwezimiso zemvelo zendawo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo kwensimbi emise okwe-H
Ongoti bezimboni babikezela ukuthi lo mkhuba uzoqhubeka nokudlondlobala njengoba amaphrojekthi wengqalasizinda emhlabeni wonke ebeka phambili ukusimama nokusimama. I-International Association of Bridge and Structural Engineers (IABSE) isanda kukhipha umbiko ephawula lokhoAmaphrofayili e-H-beam anomklamo ongasindikulindeleke ukuthi asetshenziswe kumaphrojekthi wamabhuloho aphakathi nendawo ukuya kwamakhulu ngo-45% ngo-2028, asuka ku-15% ngo-2020.
"Amabhuloho awumgogodla wamanethiwekhi ezokuthutha, futhi ukusebenza kwawo kuthinta ngokuqondile umnotho kanye nempilo yansuku zonke," kusho uDkt. Carter. "Ukusetshenziswa okusha kwamaphrofayili e-H-beam akuyona nje intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe-kuyisixazululo esibhekana nezinselelo ezicindezela kakhulu zemboni: ukuphepha, ukusebenza kahle, nokusimama. Njengoba siqhubeka nokucwenga amasu okuklama angasindi futhi sithuthukisa izisetshenziswa ze-H-beam eziqine nakakhulu, sizokwazi ukwakha amabhuloho ahlakaniphile, ahlala isikhathi eside, futhi afanelekela kangcono isizukulwane esizayo."
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-02-2025