Kuyini Ukwakheka Kwensimbi?
Izakhiwo zensimbiZenziwe ngensimbi futhi zingenye yezinhlobo eziyinhloko zezakhiwo zokwakha. Ngokuvamile zakhiwa ngemishayo, amakholomu, kanye nezinsimbi ezenziwe ngezingxenye namapuleti. Zisebenzisa izinqubo zokususa nokugqwala njengokufaka i-silanization, i-phosphating ye-manganese emsulwa, ukuwasha nokusula ngamanzi, kanye ne-galvanizing. Izingxenye zivame ukuxhunywa kusetshenziswa ama-weld, ama-bolts, noma ama-rivets. Izakhiwo zensimbi zibonakala ngesisindo esincane, amandla aphezulu, ukwakhiwa okusheshayo, ubungane bemvelo, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha.
Izinzuzo zesakhiwo sensimbi
1. Amandla Aphezulu, Isisindo Esilula:
Insimbi inesilinganiso esiphakeme kakhulu samandla nesisindo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingamelana nemithwalo emikhulu kakhulu ngenkathi ilula kakhulu.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezakhiwo zekhonkrithi noma zamatshe, izingxenye zensimbi zingaba zincane futhi zibe lula ngomthwalo ofanayo.
Izinzuzo: Isisindo sesakhiwo esinciphile kunciphisa imithwalo yesisekelo kanye nezindleko zokulungiselela isisekelo; kulula ukuthuthwa kanye nokuphakamisa; kufanelekile kakhulu ezakhiweni ezinkulu (njengezinkundla zemidlalo, amahholo ombukiso, kanye nama-hangar ezindiza), izakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu, kanye nezakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu.
2. Ukuqina Okuhle Nokuqina:
Insimbi inokuqina okuhle kakhulu (ikhono lokubekezelela ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwepulasitiki ngaphandle kokuphuka) kanye nokuqina (ikhono lokumunca amandla).
Inzuzo: Lokhu kunikezaizakhiwo zensimbi ziphakeme kakhuluukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba. Ngaphansi kwemithwalo enamandla njengokuzamazama komhlaba, insimbi ingamunca amandla amakhulu ngokuguquguquka, ivimbele ukwehluleka okukhulu kokukhubazeka kanye nokuthenga isikhathi esibalulekile sokuphuma kwabantu kanye nemizamo yokutakula.
3. Ukwakhiwa okusheshayo kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni:
Izingxenye zesakhiwo sensimbi zikhiqizwa kakhulu ezimbonini ezijwayelekile, ezisebenzisa imishini, okuholela ekuqondeni okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi ehambisanayo, elawulekayo.
Ukwakhiwa kwasendaweni kuhilela kakhulu umsebenzi owomile (ukubhoboza noma ukushisela), okungathinteki kakhulu yisimo sezulu.
Izingxenye zingahlanganiswa ngokushesha uma sezilethwe endaweni, okunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokwakha.
Izinzuzo: Isikhathi sokwakha esifinyeziwe kakhulu, izindleko zabasebenzi ezincishisiwe, kanye nenzuzo yokutshalwa kwezimali ethuthukisiwe; umsebenzi omanzi oncishisiwe endaweni, onakekela imvelo; kanye nekhwalithi yokwakha ethembeke kakhudlwana.
4. Ukufana kwezinto ezibonakalayo okuphezulu nokuthembeka okuphezulu:
Insimbi yenziwe ngumuntu, futhi izakhiwo zayo zomzimba nezemishini (njengokuqina kanye ne-elastic modulus) ziyafana futhi zizinzile kunezezinto zemvelo (njengekhonkrithi kanye nokhuni).
Ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokuncibilikisa kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka okuphezulu kanye nokubikezela kokusebenza kwensimbi.
Izinzuzo: Kwenza kube lula ukubala nokuklama okunembile, ukusebenza kwesakhiwo kuhambisana kakhulu namamodeli enkolelo-mbono, futhi izindawo zokugcina zokuphepha zichazwe ngokucacile.
5. Ingasetshenziswa kabusha futhi inobungani nemvelo:
Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuphila kwesakhiwo sensimbi, insimbi esetshenziswayo cishe ingasetshenziswa kabusha ngo-100%, futhi inqubo yokusetshenziswa kabusha idla amandla amancane kakhulu.
Ukukhiqizwa okusekelwe efektri kunciphisa imfucuza yokwakha, umsindo, kanye nokungcola kothuli endaweni.
Izinzuzo: Ihambisana nomqondo wentuthuko esimeme futhi iyizinto zokwakha eziluhlaza ngempela; inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo.
6. Ukuqina Okuhle:
Insimbi ingaguquka kakhulu ngepulasitiki ngemva kokufinyelela amandla ayo okukhiqiza ngaphandle kokwehla okuphawulekayo kwamandla.
Izinzuzo: Ngaphansi kwezimo zokulayisha ngokweqile, isakhiwo asiphumeleli ngokushesha, kodwa kunalokho sibonisa ukuguquguquka okubonakalayo (njengokugoba kwendawo), okunikeza isignali yesixwayiso. Amandla angaphakathi angasatshalaliswa kabusha, kuthuthukiswe ukuphindaphinda kwesakhiwo kanye nokuphepha okuphelele.
7. Ukuvalwa Okuhle:
Izakhiwo zensimbi ezishiselwe zingavalwa ngokuphelele.
Izinzuzo: Ifaneleka kahle izakhiwo ezidinga ukungabi nomoya noma ukungabi namanzi, njengemikhumbi yokucindezela (amathangi okugcina uwoyela negesi), amapayipi, kanye nezakhiwo ze-hydraulic.
8. Ukusetshenziswa Kwesikhala Esiphezulu:
Izingxenye zensimbi zinezilinganiso ezincane kakhulu, okuvumela ukwakheka kwegridi yamakholomu okuguquguqukayo.
Izinzuzo: Njengoba inendawo efanayo yokwakha, inganikeza indawo enkulu yokusetshenziswa ngempumelelo (ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni ezinezitezi eziningi nezinde).
9. Kulula Ukuvuselela Nokuqinisa:
Izakhiwo zensimbi kulula ukuzilungisa, ukuzixhuma, nokuziqinisa uma ukusetshenziswa kwazo kushintsha, umthwalo uyanda, noma kudingeka ukulungiswa.
Inzuzo: Zandisa ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nokuphila kwesikhathi senkonzo yesakhiwo.
IsifinyezoIzinzuzo eziyinhloko zezakhiwo zensimbi zifaka: amandla aphezulu kanye nesisindo esilula, okuvumela ama-span amakhulu kanye nezindawo eziphakeme; ukuqina okuhle kakhulu kokuzamazama komhlaba; isivinini sokwakha esisheshayo sezimboni; ukuthembeka okuphezulu kwezinto; kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwemvelo okuvelele. Lezi zinzuzo zizenza zibe ukukhetha okubalulekile kwezakhiwo zobunjiniyela zesimanje. Kodwa-ke, izakhiwo zensimbi nazo zinezinkinga, njengezidingo zokumelana nomlilo omkhulu kanye nokugqwala, ezidinga izinyathelo ezifanele zokubhekana nazo.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwesakhiwo Sensimbi Empilweni
Izakhiwo Esihlala Futhi Esisebenza Kuzo:
Isakhiwo Esiphakeme Neside KakhuluIzakhiwo Zesakhiwo Sensimbi: Lezi yizindlela ezaziwa kakhulu zokusebenzisa izakhiwo zensimbi. Amandla azo aphezulu, isisindo esilula, kanye nesivinini sokwakha esisheshayo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwakha izakhiwo eziphakeme (isb., iShanghai Tower kanye nePing An Finance Center eShenzhen).
Izakhiwo Ezinkulu Zomphakathi:
Izinkundla zezemidlalo: Ama-canopy amakhulu kanye nezakhiwo zophahla lwezinkundla zezemidlalo ezinkulu kanye nezindawo zokuzivocavoca (isb., Isidleke Sezinyoni kanye nophahla lwezindawo ezahlukene zezemidlalo ezinkulu).
Ama-Terminals asesikhumulweni sezindiza: Uphahla olukhulu kanye nezakhiwo zokusekela (isib., i-Beijing Daxing International Airport).
Iziteshi Zesitimela: Ama-canopy epulatifomu kanye nophahla olukhulu lwehholo lokulinda.
AmaHholo Ombukiso/Izikhungo Zemihlangano: Zidinga izikhala ezinkulu, ezingenamakholomu (isib., iNational Exhibition and Convention Center).
Amahholo Emidlalo Yeshashalazi/Amakhonsathi: Izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-truss ezingaphezu kwesiteji zisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izibani, izinhlelo zomsindo, amakhethini, njll.
Izakhiwo Zezentengiselwano:
Izindawo Zokuthenga Ezinkulu: Ama-Atrium, ama-skylight, kanye nezindawo ezinkulu.
Izitolo Ezinkulu/Ezifana Nezindawo Zokugcina Izimpahla: Izindawo ezinkulu kanye nezidingo eziphezulu zegumbi lokuphumula.
Izakhiwo Zezimboni:
Amafektri/Ama-workshop: Amakholomu, imishayo, izisekelo zophahla, imishayo ye-crane, njll. yezakhiwo zezimboni ezinesitezi esisodwa noma ezinezitezi eziningi. Izakhiwo zensimbi zakha kalula izikhala ezinkulu, zenza kube lula ukuhlelwa kwemishini kanye nokuhamba kwenqubo.
Izindawo Zokugcina Izimpahla/Izikhungo Zokuthutha: Izindawo ezinkulu kanye negumbi eliphezulu lempahla kwenza kube lula ukugcina nokuphatha imithwalo.
Izakhiwo Zokuhlala Ezisafufusa:
Ama-Villa Ensimbi Elula: Asebenzisa izingxenye zensimbi ezakhiwe ngodonga olubandayo noma izisekelo zensimbi ezilula njengohlaka oluthwala imithwalo, anikeza izinzuzo ezifana nokwakhiwa okusheshayo, ukumelana okuhle nokuzamazama komhlaba, kanye nobungane bemvelo. Ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuyanda ezakhiweni zokuhlala eziphansi.
Izakhiwo Ezinezimodemu: Izakhiwo zensimbi zilungele izakhiwo ezinezimodemu (amamojula egumbi akhiwa kusengaphambili emafektri futhi ahlanganiswe endaweni).
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-06-2025